vol14no4pa8

References

[1] Kenneth R., Appiin and Joseph M. Jersak(1983) “Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter on the Acidity of Precipitation in Central Missduri” Atm,Envi Vol. 20, No.5, pp. 965-969.

[2] Glass , N. R. et al. ,(1982)”Effect of Acid Precipitation “, Envi. Sci. Tech. 16 : 162A-169A.

[3] Gorham , E. , (1958)” Atmospheric Pollution by Hydrochloric Acid ” , Q.J.R. Meteorel . Soc. 84, 274-276 .
[4] UNEP, (1987)”The State of the World Environmental”, Acid Deposition”pp. 5.

[5] tanislaw Kasina, (1974) “On Precipitation Acidity in South eastern Poland”, Atom Envi. Vol. 14 pp. 1217-1221..
[6] Yusuf, G.A., (1982) “ A Theoretical Investigation of Gaseous Absorptionby Water Droplets from SO2- HNO3-NH3-CO2-HCL Mixtures”, Atm. Envir.Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 719-729,

[7] Hansen and G.M. Hidy , (1982) ” Review of Questions Regarding Rain Acidity Data ” , Atm. Envi. , Vol.16 , No. 9 , pp (2107-2126).

[8] Schwarz, (1984). “Gas and Aqueous-Phase Chemistry of H2O in Liquidwater cloud “,Journal of Geophysics Res. Vol. 89, No. 11,
[9] Manson Alex, , (1985). “Acid Rain; The Canadian Perspective” Journal ofAir Pollution Control Association Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 206
[10] Steven E. Lindberg , (1976).”Factors Influencing Trace Metals , Sulfateand Hydrogen Ion Concentrations in Rain “, Atm. Envi. Vol. 16, No. 7, pp.,1701-1709
[11] Laurence Kulp (2001)”Acid Rain:Causes,Effects and Control” Rugulation Magazine Vol.13. No.1
[12] Hames R.S , Kenneth V , Rosenberg,James .D , Sara. E , Barker and Andree, A. Dhond (2002) ” Adverse effect of acid rain on distribution of the wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina in north America PANS Vol.99 No.17 .www.pans.org/cgi/doi/10.1073

[13] Wei, H and Wang ,J. L ( 2005)” Characteristics of acid rain in Jinyun mountain ,Changqing China ” Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 3(1) 29-37 www.ecology.kee.hu.
[14] APHA, AWWA, WPCF (1985)” Standard Methods for the examination of water and wastewater”14th ed. (APHA Washington;D.C.

[15] Al-Fayad ,and K.H. Muhsin, (1989).” A study on Acid Rain in Some Areas in Baghdad City ” , M.Sc. Thesis , University of Baghdad.

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences (2007) 14(4) 18-40

Studying Some of Quality Characteristics for Rain Water in Samarra and Balad

Ayad F. Qasim	Khalid H. Lateef	Abbas H. Abbas
Environmental Eng. Dept., Tikrit University, Iraq

Abstract

A study of some of quality characteristics for the precipitation in several sites of Samarra and Balad in Iraq was achieved .The period of the study was from 7-January to 15-February /2006 which is commonly recognized with annual rains during the winter.. The wind velocity ,temperature ,and humidity during the samples collection period ranged (2-8)m/s ,(6.5-18)0C, and (51%- 97%) respectively .Chemical tests included the concentration of sulphates(SO4) ,nitrates(NO3),calcium (Ca), and pH. Also the tests investigated the possibility existence of some heavy metals which were iron (Fe),lead (Pb).and nickel(Ni). SO4 concentrations range was (100-250)mg/l while NO3 concentrations range was (60-196)mg/l. The tests proved inexistence of calcium, lead, and nickel while the Iron concentration range was (0.3-6.8)mg/l. The pH range in the samples was(5.56-6.7),Thus the rain in all sites was considered as acid rain.

Download Full-text PDF

Keywords: Precipitation ,Heavy metals, Acid rain.

How to cite

TJES: Qasim AF, Lateef KH, Abbas AH. Studying Some of Quality Characteristics for Rain Water in Samarra and Balad. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 2007; 14(4): 18-40.